Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology No 1
History of department
The history of the development of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the Bogomolets National Medical University largely reflects the main stages of development of national medical science. The Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology №1 was founded in 1841 year, but its clinic, which was designed for 20 beds, opened only in November 1, 1943 year. In fact, there were 8 beds in a room that was not adapted for students.
The first head of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology was appointed professor I. L. Kramarenkov, though he practically did not manage it, because shortly after his appointment he was sent on a business trip for improvement to Germany, France and, returning to his homeland, died.
Therefore, in fact, the organizer and the head of the department was professor O. P. Matveyev, who graduated from Moscow University, already had considerable training in working at Moscow’s Catherine’s Hospital as well as at leading clinics in Europe. From 1862 year he performed his duties in the department simultaneously with the administrative ones, during the years he was the dean, the vice-rector, and also the rector of the university (1865-1871, 1875-1876). In 1869, O. P. Matveyev was awarded the title of Honored Professor. It was a notorious scientist, a brilliant obstetrician. O. P. Matveev suggested at obstetrical practice method of prevention of blenorrhea in newborns. His midwifery leadership has withstood three editions, with several generations of physicians trained in it. The obstetric clinic was expanding, but very slowly. During the management of O. P. Matvey’s number of obstetric beds reached 14, the maternity room was located in a gynaecological ward, and students were studying in an adjacent room, from which, through a wall of wooden lattices, they could observe the delivery. Only the trainee, the student of the dressing institute and the senior midwife were allowed in the hospital. The delivery was delivered to a post-natal ward on a wheelchair designed by Funke’s resident. The gynaecological department was located in even worse conditions: 5 chambers were constructed with temporary partitions and 3 rooms with a brick floor. Near the chambers there was a projector. At the gynaecological clinic there were apartments with a separate entrance for the senior resident, the head of the obstetric ward and the midwife. In the first year of the clinic, only one child was admitted, and one patient was treated in the gynaecological department. In the following years, the number of births did not exceed 50, and the number of gynecological patients reached 10 and only reached 28 in 1854. During the 12-year existence of the clinic, no gynecological surgery was performed, and the first two were done in 1856. Surgical activity increased only after 1864 p. The number of operations reached 20, and in the following years, no more than 22 patients were operated annually. The department did not have an outpatient clinic, and hired women were invited for a fee to train students. There was no better training in midwifery. Considering that the number of students increased during that period, and the midwives received practical training with them, it is not surprising that the same pregnant woman was examined several times. All this had a negative impact on the birth and postpartum period, resulting in a maternal mortality rate of 4.5% over 10 years. Among the most famous students of O. P. Matveyev should be noted I.P. Lazarevich, who read to students from 1856-1857 pp. associate professor’s course. He created his theory of childbirth, designed and applied direct obstetric forceps, and wrote a manual on obstetrics, which at that time was considered a classic. For the first time in this guide, a significant place was given to the biomechanism of childbirth, the structure of a woman’s pelvic bone, the delivery of childbirth to women with a narrowed pelvis. After the O.P. Matveev’s death the obstetric clinic was temporarily managed by Assistant professor O.O. Schwartz, and gynecological by professor N.F. Tolochinov, who since 1885 headed the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Women’s and Pediatric Diseases of Kharkiv University.
In 1883 the head of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology was elected a talented student A.Ya. Krasovsky – G. E. Rhine. He immediately organized the construction of a new clinic, made fundamental changes to the structure of the hospital, modernized it. The largest room was allocated to the audience, the room for receiving patients was allocated. A laboratory has been set up to investigate drugs for the removal of tumors of the female genital organs, vaginal discharge and other materials. In 1887, the hospital received 148 births, 128 obstetric surgeries were performed, 105 patients were treated in the gynecological department, of which 99 were operated on. In 1888, the construction of a home for an obstetric and gynaecological clinic was completed. After reconstruction and superstructure, it is located there until now (Shevchenko Boulevard, 17). At this time, 945 students were studying at the department. During the period when the department was headed by G.E. Rhine, she was growing rapidly, conditions were improving. Thus, in 1893 an add-on was made to the main building of the clinic, whereby the number of obstetric beds increased to 40. In the same year a library was organized at the department. In 1900, the number of beds increased to 50, the balneotherapy department was opened. The number of childbirths accepted at the clinic increased annually. However, the clinic carried out mainly pathological births, and physiological took place at home. At that time, the number reached 500, and the number of obstetric surgeries, which were done mainly in the clinic, increased. G.E. Rhine was a staunch advocate of aseptic and antiseptic, made great strides in combating airborne infection, leading to a reduction in the incidence of postoperative complications and maternal mortality. At the department great attention was paid to outpatient admission of pregnant and gynecological patients. Outpatient admission increased from 222 visits in 1882 to 3835 in 1898. For the first time in 1898, not only in Ukraine but also in Russia, on the initiative of G.E. Rhine, an outpatient polyclinic was opened and 200 babies were assisted in just one year. During the time when the department was headed by G.E. Rhine, in addition to theoretical lectures, students of the third year participated in outpatient admissions of patients, gynecological surgeries, were trained in childbirth. At the lectures on obstetrics, clinical analysis of the most important cases in practice was carried out, including the use of pathoanatomical preparations, with the help of a projection apparatus the drawings were demonstrated. In the first half of the third year students studied a systematic cycle of obstetrics, in the second – a course of women’s diseases. The IV course provided daily examination of patients, attendance at childbirth, surgery, night duty at the clinic, participation in visits to patients home, phantom classes. Lectures in the 5th year were devoted to performing obstetric operations and practical classes were performed on phantoms and on corpses. There were 11 hours a week for midwifery and 6 hours for lectures. In addition, two elective courses were taught – obstetric surgery and gynecology. Each student wrote 3-6 medical or birth records during the year. At the clinic, a museum was organized, which housed rare surgical instruments, a collection of macro and micropreparations, and about 250 interesting observations. The Cathedral Library numbered almost 700 volumes of medical books. There were almost 2,500 books belonging to the Kiev Obstetrician Scientific Society. The cathedral library existed until 1934 p., Then transferred to the regional medical library. In 1887 G.E. Rhine organized the Kiev Scientific Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, whose minutes of meetings were published annually in the form of collections. The disciples of G.E. Rhine continued his business. O.G. Buryakivsky proposed his own model of direct obstetric forceps, I.K. Neyolov became Head of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at the Higher Women’s Medical Courses, and later at the University of Warsaw, published a textbook on gynaecology; Professor O.O. Redlich became a prominent specialist in gynaecological endocrinology; For many years, V. L. Lozynsky headed the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at the Kiev Institute for the Advancement of Doctors, and was one of the initiators and organizers of the Kiev Institute for Maternity and Child Protection. G.E. Rhine was the organizer and chairman of the IX Pirogov Congress of Physicians (1903), which was dedicated to the organization and delivery of maternity care in Russia. At the convention, he again raised the issue of the importance of obstetric care, using the experience of folk obstetrics and midwifery training. It is known that the IX Pirogov Congress holds a special place in the history of domestic help. It was the first theoretically substantiated importance of organization of outbound and inpatient maternity care, offered to prepare midwives from the local population, first expressed the idea of ??organizing women’s consultations, provided detailed data on demographic indicators on the status of obstetric care in provinces and zemstvos. In 1890, after the appointment of G.E. Reina at the St. Petersburg Military Medical Academy, the department was temporarily headed by Assistant Professor D.I. Ivanov and V.A. Dobronravov, and the official director of the clinic was surgeon-professor L.O. Malinowski.
The same year, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology was headed by professor O.O. Muratov. In 1879 he defended his doctoral dissertation “Materials for Obstetric Statistics in Moscow”, in 1882 he was seconded for advanced training at leading clinics in Vienna and Berlin. After returning home O. O. Muratov was elected professor at St. George’s University. Professor O. O. Muratov organized at the University of Kiev Clinic a school of leash grandmothers, was one of the initiators and organizers of the medical department of the Higher Women’s Courses. In Kiev he headed a scientific society, organized a society for combating malignant neoplasms of female genital organs. On his own initiative, a hospital was opened with direct participation, where they provided free assistance to patients with cancer of the female genital organs. O. O. Muratov – author of a textbook on obstetrics, based on the principle of clinical lectures based on materials from the obstetric school A.Ya. Krasovsky, G.E. Reina, I.P. Lazarevich. Despite the unconditional achievements of science, obstetric care for low-income groups remained very unsatisfactory. The number of inpatient beds in Kyiv was calculated at 500 births per year, which did not meet the needs for obstetric care, especially given the increase in population growth.
In 1913 professor G.G. Bruno was elected the Head of the Department.
According to historical data, during only 1916, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and at the same time faculty therapy was headed by Professor V. P. Samples, and then – G.G. Bruno, who worked on it until 1919. At it the number of beds was brought to 70 obstetric, 30 gynaecological-operative and 15 – conservative. G.G. Bruno was a wonderful surgeon. It was the first time in Ukraine that he had undergone Wertheim Extended Extirpation. During abdominal dissection, he was widely used spinal cord anesthesia. The teaching system was dominated by the teaching system, practical training was required for the supervision of maternity and gynecological patients and work in an outpatient clinic. Professor G.G. Bruno greatly supplemented the inventory of the clinic with educational drawings, models, and the museum with tools and macropreparations. The midwifery school at the clinic existed until 1915. During the Revolution and the Civil War, the clinic’s condition deteriorated. The premises were cold, which had a negative impact on the state of births and newborns, and the number of gynecological surgeries decreased. During the Civil War, the staff of the department declined sharply, and those who remained in the state did not regularly visit the clinic. The staff of the Department and the Cancer Society were protected by the staff who lived at the hospital: Grebnev, midwives E.K. Lipkivska, N. O. Kulchytska. Despite the difficult conditions of the time, they displayed genuine heroism in providing the necessary assistance to maternity and gynaecological patients.
In 1920 G. F. Pysemsky was elected the Head of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Pysemsky is one of the initiators of important activities that led to the reorganization of obstetric care. His lectures were distinguished by exceptional depth, simplicity and accessibility. “Learning – we are learning” was one of his principles that he had adhered to throughout his life. Great teacher G. F. Pysemsky always knew how to interest the students, what he said was memorable throughout his life and helped his students in difficult situations of independent work. He was one of the first to demonstrate at the lectures a number of operations, including uterine ventrophylaxis, and ovariotomy. G. F. Pysemsky first thoroughly studied the autonomic nervous system of the uterus, created a unique anatomical drug, which was stored in the anatomical museum of the Kiev Medical Institute, but was lost during the occupation. G. F. Pysemsky was not only a prominent scientist, an extremely talented educator and specialist, but also a prominent public figure. One of the first suggested the need for specialized training of doctors in the institutes of improvement. He accurately developed the quantitative need for obstetricians in Ukraine who needed advanced training, which was of great importance in the organization of institutes for the improvement of physicians. In medical institutes it was considered necessary to educate “general educations of doctors”, and not narrow specialists. G. F. Pysemsky paid special attention to the organization of rural support. In one of his works, he emphasized the lack of provision of maternity assistance to rural populations (up to 37%), which became the basis for the organization of collective farm maternity homes. The first collective farm maternity hospital with the direct participation of Professor G. F. Pysemsky was opened in 1934 in the Zhytomyr region. At his initiative, the first women’s consultation for pregnant women was opened in Kiev, special wards for patients with pregnancy pathology were organized; under his supervision, the donor blood transfusion was performed for the first time in obstetric and gynecological practice. He was one of the first in our country to offer mass analgesia of childbirth using pharmacological agents. G.F. Pysemsky was the organizer and active participant of gynaecological obstetricians. Thus, at the First Ukrainian Congress (1927), he called for special attention to be paid to the quality of health care in rural areas; application of this operation. From the clinic G.F. Pysemsky 13 students, whom he taught, became professors, 9 – associate professors, among them the academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Nikolaev, K.M. Zhmakhin, S.P. Vinogradova, E.Ya. Jankilevich and other prominent specialists in obstetrics and gynaecology. In 1930, professor G.F. Pysemsky went to the Institute for the Improvement of Doctors, and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology № 1 was headed by O.I. Krupsky.
O.I. Krupsky, an alumnus of St. George’s University, since 1919 worked in Kyiv, first as a senior assistant, then reading a private docent course in obstetrics. In 1920, O. I. Krupsky defended his doctoral thesis “On the Nippers of Kieland”. At that, the number of regular beds at the clinic increased to 130: for the obstetric ward, for abortions, beds for surgical and consultative gynecology and for the newly opened infectious ward. In 1934-1935 pp. a sanitary culvert and a biochemical laboratory were opened in the basement of the clinic. Under the guidance of Professor O.I. Krupsky published a manual of surgical obstetrics, as well as a collection of scientific papers “Anesthesia of childbirth”. At this time, the department, in addition to the basic courses, held classes with students of the Faculty of Maternity and Childhood and sanitary, evening and dental faculties. The teaching methodology often changed, although the lecture system was the main one, the seminar method was used in practical classes. Obligations were obligatory for students in the maternity room, supervision of maternity and gynecological patients, outpatient admission, clinical procedures, participation in operations. The program was voluminous and the number of academic hours for practical classes relatively small, which made it difficult to acquire practical skills. Under the guidance of Professor O.I. Krupsky worked: L.D. Miller, who in 1932 was a private docent, M.K. Ventskivskyi, O.I. Evdokimov, M.F. Eisenberg, K.I. Sometimes, L.A. Sheinfayn, N.Ya.Sosenkova and other doctors, many of whom later headed various medical facilities. In 1936, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Women’s Diseases was divided into two separate departments: the Faculty of Medicine and Pediatrics. The first was headed by Professor F.A. Sokolov, and the second leadership was performed by L.D. Miller.
In 1938 professor O.Yu. Lurie was elected the Head of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology № 1. Lurie, student of O. P. Hubareva and O. N. Rachmanov. Name of O.Yu. Lurie is closely associated with the incarnation of mass anesthetics of childbirth, for which he was awarded the State Prize of the USSR and awarded the Order of Lenin. In 1938, on his own initiative, control of each case of maternal and early infant death was introduced into the history of maternity care. This idea was supported by the participants of the II Ukrainian Congress of Obstetricians-Gynaecologists. In the future, this experience was extended not only in Ukraine, in all republics of the country. In 1939, O.Yu. Lurie was elected a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Due to the expansion of the Department of Operative Gynaecology, the surgical activity of the clinic was dramatically intensified, which ensured the improvement of the skills of the personnel. In 1940 the number of operations reached 668 (in 1936-1937 pp. – 263). Clinic of Professor O.Yu. Lurie was very popular: obstetric and gynecological offices at the 1st Central Polyclinic of Kiev, which were the clinical base of the department, served pregnant and gynecological patients from different cities and regions of Ukraine. The clinic maintained contacts with various peripheral medical institutions, professors and associate professors conducted consultative procedures, and the volume of laboratory-clinical studies in women with pathological pregnancy increased significantly. The department for the prolongation of life of cancer patients also worked actively, where surgical treatment of cervical cancer was performed, including in the inoperable stage, by vascular ligation, resection of the presacral nerve, chordotomy, performed extended uterine extirpation according to Wertheim (per year) according to the proposed modification Lurie. Conducted radiation therapy, widely used aspirin. Doctors from other cities of Ukraine got acquainted with the work of the clinic, they got the opportunity to improve their qualification in the field of diagnosis and treatment of cancer of female genital organs. ATS was also used to prevent and treat postpartum infectious complications. Professor O.Yu. Lurie changed the students’ teaching methodology. He developed a student education plan, according to which most of the academic hours were devoted to practical classes. For example, classes in the VII semester were conducted mainly in women’s counseling, in VIII – in the obstetric hospital, where students supervised maternity and phantom studied operative obstetrics. In the 9th semester the classes were held in the gynecological outpatient clinic, while on the X – the students worked as subordinates in the obstetric and gynecological departments. Students were on duty seven times in the delivery room, each of them taking 5-6 childbirths on their own. During the Great Patriotic War, many employees of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology № 1, including Professor O.Yu. Lurie, were drafted into the Red Army’s ranks, and Professor O.M. became the head of the United Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department. Olshanetsky, a famous researcher in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. The second professor at the Department of Obstetrics-Gynaecology was L.D. Miller (1941-1951). For a long time, he worked to obtain effective treatments for inflammatory diseases of the female genital organs and pain relief. His seminal lectures were popular with students. After the evacuation institute returned to Kiev, both bases of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology were restored. Chair № 1 was headed by Professor O.Yu. Lurie, the second professor was L.D. Miller. The clinical base of the department was temporarily the obstetric-gynaecological department of the October Revolution Hospital (now the Central City Clinical Hospital), because the previous room was destroyed. The second base was located in the obstetric-gynecological department of the Institute of Maternity and Child Protection. After reconstruction of the house the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology № 1 returned to Shevchenko Boulevard, 17. Professor O.Yu. Lurie, with his energy, began organizing preventive measures to combat genital cancer. At his initiative, mass preventive examinations of women were launched across the country. In 1945, a women’s consultation opened an oncology prophylactic, the task of which was to screen all women over 35 years for cancer. O.Y. Lurie believed that the problem of the fight against cancer could not be solved as long as all gynecologists did not have cancer care. He spoke about it on October 17, 1956 at a meeting of the main gynecologists of Ukraine and gynaecologists of oncologists. The call was upheld across the country, dramatically reducing the incidence of advanced female cancers and earlier diagnosis of malignancies. The department carried out extensive scientific and organizational work on the fight against blood loss after childbirth, hypogalactia of inflammatory processes of female genital organs, stimulation of labor activity by irritation with galvanic current of mammary glands and skin in the area of ??Michaelis, as well as drug stimulation of traumatology, pathogenesis of traumatogenesis, pregnancy, nutrition of pregnant women. Since 1955 the department has developed the following scientific problems: gynaecological diseases of childhood, methods of contraception, pain management. At the same time, specialized clinics for the pathology of menopause and pediatric gynaecology (1954) were established at a clinic for the first time in the country. A comprehensive examination of patients was performed not only by gynecologists, but also by neurologists and therapists. Since 1955, similar offices have been established in almost all oblasts and cities of Ukraine. In the same year the first office of pathology of sexual development of girls was opened. The experience of dispensaries has become widespread not only in Ukraine but throughout the country. It should be noted that A.Yu. Lurie was the first in the country to emphasize the importance of two problems, which were successfully studied at the department and in the following years were designed as doctoral theses. Thus, one of them, which was devoted to the pathology of menopause in women, was performed by N.V. Sveshnikov, and the second – pathologies of sexual development of girls – Yu.O. Krupko-Bolshova. The scientific and practical significance of these problems is so great that interest in them has not waned in our time, and they continue to be studied at a more advanced level. OY Lurie was an excellent teacher, used personal experience in lectures, analyzed typical errors in the practice of doctors. OY Lurie combined the talent of the organizer and the clinician. He has been the chief obstetrician-gynaecologist at the Ministry of Health for many years. He has done extensive work in the organization of maternity, maternity and childhood care in Ukraine, initiated the training of obstetricians in gynaecologists in temporary courses, which has played a major role in the development of many doctors, practical skills and clinical thinking. In the future, this form of professional development for doctors of all specialties was legalized and implemented throughout the country. In 1958, after the death of A.Yu. Lurie Department was temporarily headed by Associate professor A.G. Logunova, an excellent methodologist and organizer, a demanding and principled educator.
In 1959, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology № 1 was headed by professor M.S. Baksheev, a graduate of Kharkiv Medical Institute. The beginning of his activity in the CMI was complicated by the fact that in 1959-1961 pp. the building of the department was reconstructed. Having remained the main base on which the students of the IV year were trained, he organized the educational process in urban maternity hospitals. The main base was the first maternity hospital, designed for 100 obstetric and 50 gynecological beds with female consultation. In 1962 the department returned to its premises. The reconstructed clinic was designed for 220 regular beds: 80 obstetric, 100 gynaecological, 20 oncological and 20 radiological. There was also a women’s consultation, 5 offices were opened for biochemical, endocrinological and physiological laboratories. The study rooms for students were well equipped. All this made it possible to intensify the educational process, which in addition to traditional practical classes in the wards, in the hospital, in the gynecological offices, women’s counseling, night duty also included the supervision of maternity and gynecological patients, with subsequent protection of birth and illness histories in the form of interviews. At the course completed twice during the year, control groups were held in all groups. At least 25% of the time, students worked in women’s counseling. The work of the student’s educational circle, which took place weekly, became more active. The members of the circle conducted scientific research on leading issues, which were developed by the department. More than 10 papers have been submitted to student conferences each year, many of which have been honored. M. S. Baksheev – one of the first clinicians to pay attention to the fact that among the causes of rapid death of women and women in childbirth is embolism of amniotic fluid. For the first time in our country M. S. Bakseyev began to study this problem with his student P. Lakatosh. The absence of monographs on the subject in the domestic and foreign literature on this issue became the basis for the unification of research and the review of contemporary literature. He paid great attention to the problem of uterine bleeding in childbirth and the early postpartum period, summarized his extensive experience and research results of his students, as well as the literature in a solid monograph on the problem. This monograph has been published twice and is still the book of many obstetricians. For this monograph M.S. Baksheev was awarded the State Prize. V.F. Snow White. Among the topical issues that worried M.S. Baksheev, this is fetal hypoxia and newborn asphyxia, beginning with the study of the etiology of the mechanisms of this pathology and ending with the development of intensive care and prevention. M. S. Baksheyev was equally involved in obstetric and gynecological problems. He developed a sophisticated system of treatment of patients with chronic inflammatory diseases of the genitals, paid great attention to the treatment of cancer patients, developed a comprehensive treatment of patients with ovarian cancer, where the leading role was played on the tumor cell by alkylating agents and hormonal drugs and immune support during and after treatment, which made it possible to extend the lives of such patients for many years. It should be noted that this does not exhaust the comprehensive activity of M.S. Baksheev and his schools. He had a great scientific outlook and intuition, and believed that success in science can be achieved with an inseparable link between theory and the practice that the work of the clinician opens many perspectives. A thoughtful clinician, energetic, demanding of himself and his colleagues, he imparted his wealth of experience and knowledge to numerous students who have occupied a leading place in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. Among them – G.K. Stepankivska – Head of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology № 1 of NMU, corresponding member of NAS and AMS of Ukraine; O.T. Mikhailenko, corresponding Member of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, who for many years was the deputy director of the scientific part of the Institute of PAG of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, corresponding member L.V. Tymoshenko headed the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Lviv and then – Kiev Institute of Postgraduate Doctoral Training, Professor MN. Hanych – Head of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Uzhgorod University, professor O.Ya. Milanovsky – Head of the Department of Oncology of the National Medical University, Doctor of Medical Sciences A.S. Levinets – the head of the course of perinatology of NMU, associate professors of NMU: L.P. Danilenko, A. P. Melnyk and many others. The tireless concern for the health of the mother and baby woman was manifested not only in the scientific and practical activity of M.S. Baksheeva, ah in his active social activity. He headed the Republican and was the vice-chairman of the All-Union Scientific Society of Obstetricians-Gynaecologists, was the editor-in-chief of the journal Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, a member of the editorial board of the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Journal, was a delegate to many congresses, zenologists Peru Professor M.S. Baksheyev owns 12 monographs and about 300 publications on the most urgent issues of obstetrics and gynaecology. Contribution by M.S. Baksheeva is extremely important in the theory and practice of obstetrics and gynaecology.
In 1974, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology № 1 was headed by a professor G. K. Stepankivska, who since 1963 was an associate professor and then professor of the department. A graduate of the Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, she passed the school of Professor S.P. Vinogradova, academician A. P. Nikolaev, the excellent clinician of the associate professor O.I. Evdokimov and professor M.S. Bakseyev. G.K. Stepankivska continued and developed the pedagogical, scientific and medical traditions of the department under the direction of M.S. Bakseyev. Her doctoral dissertation was devoted to pregnancy (1967), a problem which in the following years began to attract the attention of many obstetricians. In addition, the clinical and diagnostic aspects of this pathology, both from the maternal and fetal organisms and the newborn infant, have been formulated and the tactics of pregnancy and childbirth for this pathology have been developed. In the following years of its activity G.K. Stepankivska has trained more than 50 theses, including 7 doctors of medical sciences. For 18 years, she has headed the Scientific Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Ukraine and has organized 3 congresses that are held once every 5 years.
She was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, the Order of Patriotic War II, medals. In 1987, she was awarded the honorary title of Honored Scientist of Ukraine; she is a member of the European Association of Obstetricians-Gynaecologists; corresponding member of NAS (1991) and AMS (1993) of Ukraine. Since 1990 G.K. Stepankivska worked as a professor of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology № 1. The scientific activity of the department dealt with such issues as impaired uterine contractility in labor. The department based on the original method of determining uterine contractile activity by applying the radio telemetry method, which made it possible to register contractile activity and intra-uterine pressure, as well as to take into account the effect of various medications on its function. During that period, scientific research on the hypoxic conditions of the fetus and neonatal asphyxia was very popular. It should be emphasized that the idea of ??studying the pathogenesis, treatment of these conditions was proposed by M.S. Baksheev. Understanding the great importance of late gestosis, which occupied one of the leading places in the structure of maternal mortality, the department continued its scientific researches on this problem. In particular, the concept of late gestosis pathogenesis was developed in their scientific studies, which formed the basis of the dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Medical Sciences (1984) by B. M. Ventskivsky. The problem of miscarriage has attracted the attention of the department’s staff for many years. This issue was also discussed in detail at the IX Congress of Obstetricians-Gynaecologists of Ukraine, in which the staff of the department actively participated. During the preparation for the congress, a number of scientific studies were conducted on the problem of pregnancy miscarriage. In the doctoral dissertation of G.P. Maximov (1988) for the first time proved that prostaglandins and their inhibitors occupy a large place in the multifaceted pathogenesis of miscarriage, which formed the basis for supplementing the traditional methods of treatment and prevention of miscarriage. The scientists of the department also proved that in the pathogenesis of this pathology a significant place is a decrease in the blood content of phospholipids of both common and their main fractions – lecithin and sphingomyelin. Determination of some mechanisms of prematurity formed the basis of complementing existing treatments for this pathology in the interests of the mother and premature infant (V. A.Tovstanovskaya). The problem of purulent-inflammatory diseases of postpartum complications was also the focus of attention of the department. This important scientific problem was devoted to their scientific researches by A. P. Melnyk, D.V. Babukhodia, Ya. M. Vitovsky et al. G.K. Stepankivska and S. S. Solsky published a monograph that covered mainly pathogenetic substantiated therapeutic measures of postpartum purulent-inflammatory diseases and presented organizational measures for the prevention of these complications. For 50 years it has been a tradition of the department to develop and improve methods of early diagnosis and treatment of precancerous and malignant tumors of female genital organs. As already mentioned, O.Yu. Lurie, M. S. Baksheyev did not fade interest in their followers in the years to come. Yes, O.Y. Milanovsky refined the diagnostic criteria for the distribution of cervical cancer by spreading lymphatic metastasis and depositing cancer cells in regional collectors by introducing contrast agents into lymphatic vessels, followed by radiography. The methods of treatment of malignant tumors in the ovary by the use of a complex of chemotherapy (L. P. Danilenko, G. D. Gordeeva) have also been improved by the scientists of the department. It should be noted that the successful implementation of the department’s scientific research was largely aided by its integration with such reputable scientific institutions as the Institute of Biochemistry of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, the Institute of Microbiology, the Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology, Radiobiology of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine and the theoretical departments. In these institutions, scientists received not only useful advice, but also substantial assistance in carrying out research and using the necessary equipment. With regard to methodical activity and providing the department with a material base, it should be noted that in 1975-1976 pp. The main base of the department (17 Shevchenko Boulevard) underwent a major reconstruction: a new 260-seat auditorium was built, a separate cathedral block with training rooms, reconstructed maternity and operating units at a more modern level, the infant ward was refurbished, and the clinic was expanded with modern facilities. After the reconstruction of the department, starting in 1975, the department of radiation therapy of cancer and gynecological patients ceased its activity, due to the fact that the conditions of work of this department no longer meet modern epidemiological requirements. During this period, students of IV and V courses, who studied oncology, were sent under the guidance of a teacher to the Institute of Oncology, where they were presented with cancer and gynecological patients and familiarized with the methods of radiation therapy and the work of radiation equipment. At the same time, the department purchased modern equipment for demonstration of lectures and for each lecture a new demonstration material was prepared mainly in the form of slides. Methodical materials for teachers of teaching obstetrics and gynecology at IV, V, VI courses, independent work of students and interns were periodically updated. Much attention was paid to methodological meetings, at which teachers reported the content of the topics of practical classes, made changes in methodical developments taking into account modern scientific achievements, periodically held open practical classes in the presence of free from the work of teachers. Particular attention was paid to the training of young assistants.
From 1990 to 2019, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology №1 was headed by professor B. M. Ventskivskyi and G.K. Stepankivska was a professor of the department. B. M. Ventskivskyi went from clinical resident (1970-1972), assistant (1972-1979), associate professor (1979-1986), professor of the department (1986-1990) to the head of the department. Since 1986, he has also been chief obstetrician-gynecologist at the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. A characteristic feature of B. M. Ventskivskyi has a new sense of science, outstanding organizational skills and good clinical training. B. M. Ventskivskyi conducts extensive educational and methodological work, with his participation developed educational and methodological programs for interns. He is the Chairman of the Scientific Qualification Council at NMU, a member of the Specialized Academic Council of the Kyiv Academy of Postgraduate Doctoral Training, for several years he was a member of the Expert Council of the WAC of Ukraine, the Chairman of the Ukrainian Association of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Ukraine, a member of the editorial board of Pediatrics and Gynaecology other responsibilities. Changes in the work of the clinical bases of the department have taken place over the last decades. Thus, in 1993 the department received a new clinic on the basis of maternity hospital № 7, which was built according to modern requirements with new medical equipment. Now this Perinatal Center is intended for the reception of premature births, although they also accept births at any time of pregnancy, with different types of obstetric pathology. There is a gynecological department and a women’s consultation. As in previous years, the department has remained the base of the obstetric-gynecological department of clinical hospital № 18. Unfortunately, since 1994 it does not have an obstetric department at clinical hospital No. 18, which was liquidated in connection with the intraclinical infection and then because of reduction of childbirth in the city and no need for obstetric beds. Thus, the gynecological ward for 70 beds remained in the clinical hospital № 18 (Shevchenko Boulevard, 17), which has always been the traditional base of the department. The main therapeutic area of ??this clinical base is surgery and conservative treatment of patients. The clinic performs a large amount of surgical interventions, a qualified team of doctors, including the department staff, who have all kinds of surgical and gynecological interventions. The great achievement of the department is the organization and implementation of the method of laparoscopic diagnostics and surgery. It is worth noting the great role in this direction of gynecology of the associate professor V.G. Zhegulovich and Professor M.E. Yarotsky, who in the short term highly professionally mastered this area. As for pedagogical work, some changes over the last 10 years should be noted. The number of lectures from both obstetrics and gynecology has decreased, there is no subordination, that is, primary specialization, and students of the 6th course of medical faculty study at the department for 15 days. During this time, the training of the most qualified teachers focuses on obstetric and gynecological problems, methods of modern contraception and family planning, curation of pregnant women, maternity and gynecologic patients. Further training in the specialty takes place in the internship for one and a half years according to the general program. In recent years, students of the first medical and psychological and military faculties have been studying at the department. At the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology № 1, teachers from other higher medical educational establishments of Ukraine continue to undergo training at FPC. During this time, a doctoral dissertation was performed by VA Tovstanovskaya (1993), which deals with fetal growth retardation syndrome (FGRS). In the doctoral dissertation A. Ya. Sinchuk (1996) has shown that depending on the severity of the disease in pregnant women there is a decrease in trace elements (iron, zinc, manganese and cobalt) against the background of increased copper in the blood of the mother, fetus and placenta. Thus there is a violation of the function of the feto-placental complex. It has also been proven that anemia, which is manifested in pregnancy, often has a significant risk in childbirth and can lead to the development of DIC. The authors developed and implemented a method of rapid diagnosis of phases of DIC. It should be noted that BM Ventskivsky was a scientific advisor to doctoral theses not only for the staff of the department, but also for the performers of scientific works from other educational institutions, which testifies to his authority as a scientific supervisor. The department has developed and implemented a computer system for the diagnosis of fetal condition, pathology of contractile uterine activity in childbirth and their prognosis for mother and baby. Defended Doctoral Thesis V. P. Lakatosh. In their priority clinical-colpocytomorphological, ultrastructural, molecular-biological and immunological studies, the author identified involvement in the development of cancer and cervical cancer of the papilloma virus. The main pathogenetic mechanisms that lead to the formation of immunodeficiencies of their conditions in papillomavirus lesions of the cervix are established. The results of scientific research are widely reflected in the publishing and inventive activities of the department, covered in reports at congresses, plenary sessions and conferences, and mostly implemented in practice. In the last 5 years 3 books have been published. In addition, 11 methodological recommendations and 6 information sheets have been published, 70 scientific articles have been published in journals and more than 200 papers have been published.
Today at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology № 1 there is a close-knit team that equally improves its skills in the professional field of obstetrics and gynфecology, so it is responsible for educational work and performing scientific research.
